{"id":487,"date":"2022-02-10T20:39:49","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T19:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/?p=487"},"modified":"2022-02-10T20:40:26","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T19:40:26","slug":"mesure-du-triangle-orbito-nasal-et-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/mesure-du-triangle-orbito-nasal-et-evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"Mesure du triangle orbito-nasal et Evolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content-core\">\n<div id=\"parent-fieldname-text-d87ecd758a2b453f9799c8c2bf92bf95\" class=\"\">\n<h2 align=\"center\"><u>Calcul du rapport de la hauteur \u00e0 la base du triangle orbito-nasal<\/u><\/h2>\n<p>Ressources permettant de mesurer sur les cr\u00e2nes le rapport de la hauteur \u00e0 la base du triangle orbito-nasal. On peut ainsi suivre les variations de ce param\u00e8tre au cours du temps (en utilisant l&rsquo;\u00e2ge du fossile). Document au format PDF en bas de la page<\/p>\n<h2><u>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences\u00a0:<\/u><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Sciences de la Terre et de l\u2019Univers \u00a0Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Daniel, Andr\u00e9 Brahic, Michel Hoffert, Andr\u00e9 Schaff, Marc Tardy (\u00e9ditions Vuibert)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Le passage du stade grand singe \u00e0 celui d\u2019australopith\u00e8que, puis d\u2019australopith\u00e8que \u00e0 celui d\u2019homme a impliqu\u00e9 un certain nombre de modifications du cr\u00e2ne. Le raccourcissement progressif de la face, la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019\u00e9paisseur de l\u2019arcade zygomatique, <u>l\u2019aplatissement du triangle orbito-nasal qui fait remonter l\u2019orifice piriforme entre les orbites<\/u>, et l\u2019importante augmentation du volume cr\u00e2nien sont les principales modifications qui illustrent cette \u00e9volution. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Homo sapiens sapiens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Homo neanderthalensis<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Homo erectus<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Homo Habilis<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Australopithecus robustus<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Australopithecus africanus<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Rapport de la hauteur \u00e0 la base du triangle orbito-nasal<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">0.47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">0.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">0.54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">0.56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">0.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">0.66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Le triangle orbito-nasal : une nouvelle approche de la biom\u00e9trie faciale des hominid\u00e9s. SCHMITTBUHL M., LE MINOR J.M. &amp; SCHAAF A. (1997)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><u>Mesures\u00a0:<\/u><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/02\/mesures-triangle-ON.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-489\" src=\"http:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/02\/mesures-triangle-ON.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"301\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/02\/mesures-triangle-ON.jpg 301w, https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/02\/mesures-triangle-ON-226x300.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Position des points :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les points A, B, C correspondent au barycentre des ouvertures orbitales et nasales. \u00a0\u00bb CC\u2019 \u00a0\u00bb\u00a0est la hauteur du triangle ABC.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rapport de la hauteur \u00e0 la base :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Rapport = Distance CC\u2019\/ Distance AB<\/p>\n<h2><u>Remarques\u00a0:<\/u><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Les mesures en classe sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur un seul cr\u00e2ne. Les valeurs propos\u00e9es dans le tableau sont des moyennes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur plusieurs sp\u00e9cimens.<\/li>\n<li>Le positionnement des points peut \u00eatre parfois approximatif lors d\u2019une activit\u00e9 avec les \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/li>\n<li>On n\u00e9glige \u00e9galement le positionnement du cr\u00e2ne lors de la prise de vue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2022\/02\/rapport_orbito_nasal.pdf\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcul du rapport de la hauteur \u00e0 la base du triangle orbito-nasal Ressources permettant de mesurer sur les cr\u00e2nes le rapport de la hauteur \u00e0 la base du triangle orbito-nasal. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-487","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-tes","7":"czr-hentry"},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-13 15:55:32","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=487"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":492,"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/487\/revisions\/492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedagogie.ac-lille.fr\/svt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}